Understanding Septic System Services
If your home isn’t connected to a municipal sewer system, you rely on a septic system to process wastewater. Understanding how septic systems work and when they need service can help you avoid costly emergencies and find the right service provider.
This guide covers everything you need to know about septic services in the Chattanooga area, from routine pumping to emergency repairs.
How Septic Systems Work
A septic system consists of two main components:
Septic Tank A buried, watertight container that receives all wastewater from your home. Solids settle to the bottom (sludge), oils float to the top (scum), and liquid wastewater (effluent) flows out to the drain field.
Drain Field (Leach Field) A series of perforated pipes buried in gravel trenches that distribute effluent into the soil, where it’s naturally filtered and treated.
Signs Your Septic System Needs Service
Watch for these warning signs that indicate septic problems:
- Slow drains throughout the house – Multiple slow drains suggest the septic tank is full or the drain field is failing.
- Sewage odors – Foul smells near the tank, drain field, or inside the house indicate problems.
- Standing water or soggy areas – Wet spots over the drain field suggest system failure.
- Lush, green grass over the drain field – While it sounds nice, this indicates effluent is surfacing.
- Sewage backup – The most serious sign—wastewater backing up into the house.
- Gurgling sounds – Strange noises from drains when using water.
- High nitrate levels in well water – If you have a well, this could indicate septic contamination.
Common Septic Services
Septic Tank Pumping The most common septic service. Pumping removes accumulated sludge and scum from the tank. Most tanks need pumping every 3-5 years, depending on:
- Tank size
- Household size
- Water usage
- Use of garbage disposal
Regular pumping prevents solids from flowing into the drain field, which can cause expensive damage.
Septic Tank Inspection Professional inspections assess the condition of your system, including:
- Sludge and scum levels
- Tank structural integrity
- Inlet and outlet baffles
- Drain field condition
- Signs of leaks or damage
Many counties require inspections when selling a home.
Septic Tank Repair Common repairs include:
- Baffle replacement
- Lid and riser repair
- Inlet/outlet pipe repair
- Tank crack repair
- Pump replacement (for systems with pumps)
Drain Field Repair/Replacement When a drain field fails, options include:
- Aeration and rejuvenation
- Partial replacement
- Complete drain field replacement
- Alternative system installation
Drain field replacement is expensive, often $5,000-$20,000+, making prevention through proper maintenance crucial.
Septic System Installation New construction or replacing a failed system requires:
- Soil testing and percolation tests
- System design by a licensed professional
- Permits from local health department
- Professional installation
- Final inspection
Septic System Maintenance Tips
Proper maintenance extends the life of your septic system:
- Pump regularly – Every 3-5 years for most households
- Conserve water – Excess water can overwhelm the system
- Don’t flush non-biodegradables – Only toilet paper and human waste
- Avoid garbage disposals – They add solids that fill the tank faster
- Keep records – Track pumping dates and any service performed
- Protect the drain field – Don’t park vehicles or build structures over it
- Plant appropriately – Only grass over the drain field; tree roots can damage pipes
- Limit harsh chemicals – Bleach and antibacterial products can kill beneficial bacteria
What NOT to Put in Your Septic System
These items can damage your septic system or cause clogs:
- Cooking grease and oils
- “Flushable” wipes (they don’t break down)
- Feminine hygiene products
- Diapers
- Cat litter
- Coffee grounds
- Medications
- Paints, solvents, or chemicals
- Excessive amounts of bleach or cleaners
How to Choose a Septic Service Provider
When selecting a septic service company:
- Licensing – Verify they’re licensed for septic work in Tennessee
- Insurance – Ensure they carry liability insurance
- Experience – Ask how long they’ve been in business
- Equipment – Confirm they have proper pumping and inspection equipment
- Reviews – Check Google and Yelp ratings
- Pricing – Get quotes from multiple providers
- Disposal – Ask where they dispose of waste (must be at approved facilities)
Septic vs. Sewer: Key Differences
| Aspect | Septic System | Municipal Sewer |
|---|---|---|
| Ownership | You own and maintain | City owns and maintains |
| Cost | Pumping every 3-5 years | Monthly sewer bill |
| Responsibility | All repairs are yours | City handles main lines |
| Location | Common in rural areas | Urban and suburban areas |
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should a septic tank be pumped?
Most septic tanks should be pumped every 3-5 years. However, this varies based on tank size, household size, and water usage. A professional can assess your specific needs.
How much does septic tank pumping cost?
Septic pumping typically costs $300-$600 in the Chattanooga area, depending on tank size and accessibility. Some companies charge extra for digging to access the lid.
How do I find my septic tank?
Look for the sewer line exiting your home and follow it. The tank is usually 10-25 feet from the house. You may see a slight depression or raised area. A septic professional can locate it with probing tools.
Can I use additives to avoid pumping?
No. Despite marketing claims, septic additives don’t eliminate the need for pumping. Some can actually harm your system by stirring up solids that flow into the drain field.
How long do septic systems last?
A well-maintained septic tank can last 40+ years. Drain fields typically last 20-30 years. Proper maintenance is key to maximizing lifespan.
Need septic service? Browse our directory of local Chattanooga plumbers and septic specialists. Look for companies that specifically mention septic services. Find Septic Service Providers →